When private internal investigators turn against the whistleblower

Bacterial Pathogenesis: When a turn off is a turn on

Pathogenic bacteria express distinct sets of genes at different stages in their life cycles; inappropriate expression of normally repressed genes during host colonization can interfere with bacterial survival.

Turn to TCRs when CARs fail

The past few years have brought exciting progress in the development of novel forms of immunotherapy of cancer. While antibody blockade of negative pathways that inhibit T cell function, such as CTLA-4 and PD1, has resulted in clinical benefits for patients who have failed conventional therapy options, this strategy lacks cancer specificity as it also activates T cells with selfreactive potenti...

When Windmills Turn Into Giants: The Conundrum of Virtual Places

While many papers may claim that virtual environments have much to gain from architectural and urban planning theory, few seem to specify in any verifiable or falsifiable way, how notions of place and interaction are best combined and developed for specific needs. The following is an attempt to summarize a theory of place for virtual environments and explain both the shortcomings and the advant...

The empirical case against the 'demographic turn' in Palaeolithic archaeology.

Recently, it has become commonplace to interpret major transitions and other patterns in the Palaeolithic archaeological record in terms of population size. Increases in cultural complexity are claimed to result from increases in population size; decreases in cultural complexity are suggested to be due to decreases in population size; and periods of no change are attributed to low numbers or fr...

To the Framingham data, turn, turn, turn.